Security Testing

Security Testing: (The) Process to determine that an IS (Information System) protects data and maintains functionality as intended.

The six basic security concepts that need to be covered by security testing are: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, availability and non-repudiation.

Authentication

Brute Force:
A Brute Force attack is an automated process of trial and error used to
guess a person's username, password, credit-card number or
cryptographic key.

Insufficient Authentication:
Insufficient Authentication occurs when a web site permits an attacker to
access sensitive content or functionality without having to properly
authenticate.

Weak Password Recovery Validation:
Weak Password Recovery Validation is when a web site permits an
attacker to illegally obtain, change or recover another user's password.

Authorization

Credential/Session Prediction:
Credential/Session Prediction is a method of hijacking or impersonating a
web site user.

Insufficient Authorization:
Insufficient Authorization is when a web site permits access to sensitive
content or functionality that should require increased access control
restrictions.

Insufficient Session Expiration:
Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to
reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.

Session Fixation:
Session Fixation is an attack technique that forces a user's session ID to
an explicit value.

Client-side Attacks

Content Spoofing:
Content Spoofing is an attack technique used to trick a user into believing
that certain content appearing on a web site is legitimate and not from an
external source.

Cross-site Scripting:
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) is an attack technique that forces a web site to
echo attacker-supplied executable code, which loads in a user's browser.

Command Execution

Buffer Overflow:
Buffer Overflow exploits are attacks that alter the flow of an application by
overwriting parts of memory.

Format String Attack:
Format String Attacks alter the flow of an application by using string
formatting library features to access other memory space.

LDAP Injection:
LDAP Injection is an attack technique used to exploit web sites that
construct LDAP statements from user-supplied input.

OS Commanding:
OS Commanding is an attack technique used to exploit web sites by
executing Operating System commands through manipulation of
application input.

SQL Injection:
SQL Injection is an attack technique used to exploit web sites that
construct SQL statements from user-supplied input.

SSI Injection:
SSI Injection (Server-side Include) is a server-side exploit technique that
allows an attacker to send code into a web application, which will later be
executed locally by the web server.

XPath Injection:
XPath Injection is an attack technique used to exploit web sites that
construct XPath queries from user-supplied input.

Information Disclosure

Directory Indexing:
Automatic directory listing/indexing is a web server function that lists all of
the files within a requested directory if the normal base file is not present.

Information Leakage:
Information Leakage is when a web site reveals sensitive data, such as
developer comments or error messages, which may aid an attacker in
exploiting the system.

Path Traversal:
The Path Traversal attack technique forces access to files, directories,
and commands that potentially reside outside the web document root
directory.

Predictable Resource Location
Predictable Resource Location is an attack technique used to uncover
hidden web site content and functionality.

Logical Attacks

Abuse of Functionality:
Abuse of Functionality is an attack technique that uses a web site's own
features and functionality to consume, defraud, or circumvents access
controls mechanisms.

Denial of Service:
Denial of Service (DoS) is an attack technique with the intent of
preventing a web site from serving normal user activity.

Insufficient Anti-automation:
Insufficient Anti-automation is when a web site permits an attacker to
automate a process that should only be performed manually.

Insufficient Process Validation:
Insufficient Process Validation is when a web site permits an attacker to
bypass or circumvent the intended flow control of an application.